Puoi tradurre le prossime trecento parole in
Hindi o
Coreano?;
Se si,
contattami per favore
sarà una festa!
Migliaia di comunità linguistiche si stanno
estinguendo. Ci sono 5000 o 6000 lingue nel mondo e comprendiamo a
malapena cosa stiamo perdendo, che letterature, filosofie, forme di
pensare stanno scomparendo proprio adesso.
Il pianeta è sempre più dominato
da una manciata di monoculture come il mandarino, l'hindi, l'arabo,
l'indonesiano, l'urdu, lo spagnolo, il portoghese, l'inglese, lo
swahili, il russo, il cantonese, il giapponese, il bengalese.
Tutte
lingue meravigliose e affascinanti, ma egualmente belle e affascinanti
sono le altre 5000!
Lingue totalmente prive di un Paese in cui
siano lingua officiale sono le lingue native di culture molto
intriganti e poco conosciute. Come i Lapponi nel circolo polare
artico, i sardi in Sardegna, gli ainu in Giappone, i cherokee negli
Stati Uniti, i gaelici in Gran Bretagna, i frisoni in Olanda, gli zulu
in Sud Africa. Ci sono solamente duecento stati sovrani riconosciuti,
per cui la maggioranza delle 5000 lingue parlate nel mondo sono di
persone senza un stato che abbia adottato la loro lingua come
ufficiale.
Un
buon inizio e' semplicemente raccontare ad un amico dell'esistenza di
questo sito.
to contact the Italian translator, e-mail
via markgriffith@yahoo.com
Broader public interest makes it easier for linguists to raise funds
and organise people to learn these languages while there's time.
That's right. There are people who love languages and are happy to
learn them on behalf of the rest of us, but they need support, just
like zoologists, botanists, or historians.
A century ago - before we understood ecology, and when we cared less about wilderness, most educated people would have laughed at the idea of worrying about plants or animals going extinct. Now we understand how important species diversity is for our own futures, we are more humble, and more worried.
In the same way, linguistic triumphalism by English-speakers who hated studying foreign grammar at school is dangerously ignorant as well as arrogant. Few of us know what we are losing, week by week. How many people realise these languages have scientific value?
But these five thousand languages also hold clues to the structure of the human mind. Subtle differences and similarities between languages are helping archeologists and anthropologists to understand what happened in the hundreds of centuries of human history before written history. And that is one of our best chances of understanding how human brains developed over the thousands of centuries leading up to that.
Study of the mind and study of language go hand in hand these days. The world's most marginal languages are actually precious jigsaw pieces from an overall picture of who we are and how our species thinks and evolves. Every tiny language adds another brightly-coloured clue to this academic detective story.
Yet researchers have hardly started sifting through this tantalising evidence, and language extinction is washing it away right in front of us.
And worst of all, most people have no idea that there is this fantastic profusion of cultures across our world, let alone that they are in danger of extinction. Even just more people learning that there are still five thousand living languages in the world today (most of us would answer five hundred or fifty) is already a huge help.
We English-speakers hardly notice English - it's like air for us. But every other language is also an atmosphere for an entire cultural world, and each of these worlds has people whose home it is. Each language encapsulates a unique way of talking and thinking about life. Just try some time in a foreign prison, being forced to cope in another language, and you'll realise how much your own language is your identity. That's true for everyone.
Dozens of millions of people worldwide suffer persecution from national governments for speaking their mother tongue - in their own motherland.
Many 'ethnic' feuds puzzling to outsiders had as their basis an attempt to destroy a linguistic community. Would the Northern Ireland dispute be quite so bitter if we English had not so nearly stamped out the Irish Gaelic language, for example? Almost nowhere in the world does a language community as small as the few thousand Rheto-Romanic speakers - the fourth official language of Switzerland - get the protection of a national government. Next time you see some Swiss Francs, check both sides of the banknote.
But outside exceptional countries like Switzerland or the Netherlands, speakers of non-official languages have a much less protected experience.
Speakers of minority languages are often seen as a threat by both the governments and the other residents of the countries where they were born, grew up, and try to live ordinary lives.
They experience discrimination in the job and education markets of their homelands, often having no choice but to pursue education in the major language of the host state - a deliberate government policy usually aimed at gradually absorbing them into the majority culture of that country.
Most governments are privately gleeful each time another small separate culture within their borders is snuffed out by a dwindling population or a deliberately centralising education system.
The United Nations is no help. It is an association of a couple of hundred sovereign states based on exclusive control of territory, almost all of them anxious to smother any distinct group or tradition that in any way might blur or smudge the hard-won borders around those pieces of territory.
The usual approach by sovereign states is to deny their linguistic minorities even exist.
Mark Griffith, site administrator / markgriffith@yahoo.com
back up to top of page
*2 image from
'Bäume', with thanks to
Bruno P. Kramer,
and Franckh-Kosmos Verlag
|
